Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page, a Ph.D. student at Stanford.In search for a dissertation theme, Page considered among other things exploring the mathematical properties of the World Wide Web, understanding its link structure as a huge graph.Page's web crawler began exploring the web in March 1996, setting out from Page's own Stanford home page as its only starting point. To convert the backlink data that it gathered into a measure of importance for a given web page, Brin and Page developed the PageRank algorithm. Analyzing BackRub's output which, for a given URL, consisted of a list of backlinks ranked by importance it occurred to them that a search engine based on PageRank would produce better results than existing techniques A small search engine called RankDex was already exploring a similar strategy.
By the end of 1998, Google had an index of about 60 million pages.The home page was still marked "BETA", but an article in Salon.com already argued that Google's search results were better than those of competitors like Hotbot or Excite.com, and praised it for being more technologically innovative than the overloaded portal sites (like Yahoo!, Excite.com, Lycos, Netscape's Netcenter, AOL.com, Go.com and MSN.com) which at that time, during the growing dot-com bubble, were seen as "the future of the Web", especially by stock market investors.
The Google search engine attracted a loyal following among the growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design. In 2000, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords. This model of selling keyword advertising was pioneered by Goto.com. Google quietly rose in stature while generating revenue.
Google's declared code of conduct is "Don't be evil", a phrase which they went so far as to include in their prospectus (aka "red herring" or "S-1") for their IPO, noting, "We believe strongly that in the long term, we will be better served as shareholders and in all other ways by a company that does good things for the world even if we forgot some short term gains.
(source: from google itself)
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